An intravenous pyelogram, also called intravenous urogram, is a diagnostic x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. When a contrast agent is injected intravenously, the urinary tract will show up very clearly, which is not seen on regular x-rays. An intravenous pyelogram may be done for many reasons, including the following:

• to detect kidney stones
• to identify blockage or obstruction of the flow of urine
• to establish if the prostate gland is enlarged
• to detect injuries to the urinary tract

Intravenous pyelograms are usually performed on an outpatient basis, although they can be part of inpatient care. The patient may also be asked to take a laxative to cleanse the bowel before the examination. Although each hospital may have specific protocols in place, generally, an intravenous pyelogram procedure follows this process:

1. The patient first asked to empty his or her bladder in the bathroom.
   
   
2. The patient is positioned an x-ray table.
   
   
3. Preliminary x-rays are taken.
   
   
4. The radiologist or technologists injects contrast material (dye) into a vein in the arm.
   
   
5. During the injection of the contrast agent, the patient may feel a warm feeling for a minute or so. This reaction is normal.
   
   
6. X-rays are taken as the dye is excerted in the urine and travels through the urinary tract.
   
   
7. At times the patient may have to change positions as the x-rays are taken. The patient may also be asked to empty the bladder again.
   
   
8. A final x-ray is sometimes taken after urination to determine the amount of urine remaining in the bladder.