CI Therapy References

Primary CI Therapy References (as of May, 2006)

Taub, E. (1980). Somatosensory deafferentation research with monkeys: Implications for rehabilitation medicine. In L. P. Ince (Ed.), Behavioral Psychology in Rehabilitation Medicine: Clinical Applications (pp. 371-401). New York: Williams & Wilkins.

 

Taub, E., Miller, N. E., Novack, T. A., Cook, E. W. III, Fleming, W. C., Nepomuceno, C. S., Connell, J. S., & Crago, J. E. (1993). Technique to improve chronic motor deficit after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 74, 347-354.

 

Taub, E. (1999). Guest editorial. New discovery equals change in clinical practice. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 36, vii-viii.

 

Taub, E, Uswatte, G., & Pidikiti, R. (1999). Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy: A new family of techniques with broad application to physical rehabilitation—a clinical review. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 36, 237-251.

 

Liepert, J., Bauder, H., Miltner, W. H. R., Taub, E., & Weiller, C. (2000). Treatment-induced massive cortical reorganization after stroke in humans. Stroke, 31.

 

Taub, E., Uswatte, G., King, D. K., Morris, D. M., Crago, J. E., & Chatterjee, A (2006). A placebo controlled trial of Constraint-Induced Movement therapy for upper extremity after stroke. Stroke, 37, 1045-1049.

 

Origin of CI Therapy in Basic Research with Monkeys

 

Taub, E. (1977). Movement in nonhuman primates deprived of somatosensory feedback. Exercise and Sports Science Reviews, Vol. 4 (pp. 335-374). Santa Barbara: Journal Publishing Affiliates.

 

Taub, E. (1980). Somatosensory deafferentation research with monkeys: Implications for rehabilitation medicine. In L. P. Ince (Ed.), Behavioral Psychology in Rehabilitation Medicine: Clinical Applications (pp. 371-401). New York: Williams & Wilkins.

 

Other CI Therapy References: Clinical Results

 

Taub, E. (1994). Overcoming learned nonuse: A new behavioral medicine approach to physical medicine. In J. G. Carlson, S. R. Seifert, & N. Birbaumer. (eds.) Clinical applied psychophysiology (pp. 185-220). New York: Plenum.

 

Taub, E., Burgio, L., Miller, N. E., Cook, E.W. III, Groomes, T., DeLuca, S., & Crago, J. (1994). An operant approach to overcoming learned nonuse after CNS damage in monkeys and man: The role of shaping. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 61, 281-293.

 

Taub, E., & Crago, J. E. (1995). Behavioral plasticity following central nervous system damage in monkeys and man. In B.Julesz & I. Kovacs (Eds.), Maturational windows and adult cortical plasticity. SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, vol. 23 (pp. 201-215). Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.

 

Taub, E., & Crago, J. E. (1995). Overcoming learned nonuse: A new behavioral approach to physical medicine. In T. Kikuchi, H. Sakuma, I. Saito, & K. Tsuboi (Eds.), Biobehavioral self-regulation: Eastern and western perspectives (pp. 2-9). Tokyo: Springer Verlag.


Taub, E., Pidikiti, R. D., DeLuca, S. C., & Crago, J. E. (1996). Effects of motor restriction of an unimpaired upper extremity and training on improving functional tasks and altering brain/behaviors. In J. Toole (Ed.), Imaging and Neurologic Rehabilitation (pp. 133-154). New York: Demos Publications.

 

Taub, E., & Wolf, S.L. (1997). Constraint-Induced (CI) Movement techniques to facilitate upper extremity use in stroke patients. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 3, 38-61.

 

Morris, D.M., Crago, J.E., DeLuca, S.C., Pidikiti, R.D. & Taub, E. (1997). Constraint-Induced (CI) Movement Therapy for motor recovery after stoke. Neurorehabilitation., 9, 29-43.

 

Taub, E., Crago, J.E., & Uswatte, G. (1998). Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy: A new approach to treatment in physical rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 43, 152-170.

 

Miltner, W.H.R., Bauder, H., Sommer, M., Dettmers, C., & Taub, E. (1999). Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on chronic stroke patients: A replication. Stroke, 30, 586-592.

 

Kunkel, A., Kopp, B., Muller, G., Villringer, K., Villringer, A., Taub, E., & Flor, H. (1999). Constraint-induced movement therapy: A powerful new technique to induce motor recovery in chronic stroke patients. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 80, 624-628.

 

Taub, E., & Uswatte, G. (2000). Constraint-Induced Movement therapy and massed practice: Reply to van der Lee et al. Stroke, 31 (4), 983-4.

 

Taub, E., & Uswatte, G. (2000). Constraint-Induced Movement therapy based on behavioral neuroscience. In R. G. Frank and T. R. Elliott (Eds.) Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology. pp. 475-496. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

 

Morris, D., Crago, J., Uswatte, G., Wolf, S., Cook, E.W. III, & Taub, E. (2001). The reliability of the Wolf Motor Function Test for assessing upper extremity function following stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 82, 750-755.

 

Bauder, H., Taub, E., & Miltner, W.H.R. (2001). Behandlung motorischer Störungen nach Schlagenfall: Die Taubsche Bewegungsinduktionstherapie. [Treatment of Motor Disorders after Stroke: The Taub Movement Induction Therapy.] Hofgrete – Verlag: Göttingen.

 

Taub, E., & Morris, D. M. (2001).Constraint-Induced Movement therapy to enhance recovery after stroke. Current Artherosclerosis Reports, 3, 279-286.

 

Morris, D. M., & Taub, E. (2001).  The Constraint-Induced Movement therapy approach to restoring function after neurological injury.  Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 8, 16-30.

 

Taub, E., Uswatte, G., Elbert, T. (2002). New treatments in neurorehabilitation founded on basic research [Review]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3 (3) 228-236.

 

Sterr, A., Elbert, T., Berthold, I., Kölbel, S., Rockstroh, B., & Taub, E. (2002). CI therapy in chronic hemiparesis: The more the better? Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 83, 1374-1377.

Mark, V., & Taub, E. (2003). Cortical reorganization and the rehabilitation of movement by CI therapy after neurologic injury. In: L. Pessoa & P. de Weerd (Eds.), From Perceptual Completion to Skill Learning. Oxford University Press, pp. 281-294.


Elbert, T., Rockstroh, B., Bulach, D., Meinzer, M., Taub, E. (2003). Die Fortentwicklung der Neurorehabilitation auf verhaltensneurowissen-schaftlicher Grundlage: Beispiel Constraint-induced-Therapie. [The advancement of neurorehabilitation on the basis of behavioral neuroscience: The example of CI therapy.] Nervenarzt, 74, 334-342.

Morris, D., & Taub, E. (2003). Maximizing function after stroke: Anexplanation of the innovative Constraint-Induced therapy-from those who developed it. Advance for Physical Therapists & PT Assistants, January, 11-12.

Wittenberg, G. F., Chen, R., Ishii, K., Bushara, K. 0., Eckloff, S., Croarkin, E., Taub, E., Gerber, L.H., Hallett, M., & Cohen, L.G. (2003). Constraint-Induced Movement therapy in stroke:  Magnetic-stimulation of motor maps and cerebral activation. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 17, 48-57.

Winstein, C., Miller, P., Blanton, S., Taub, E., Morris, D., Uswatte, G., Nichols, D., & Wolf, S. (2003). Methods for a multi-site randomized trial to investigate the effect of Constraint-Induced Movement therapy in improving upper extremity function among adults recovering from a cerebrovascular stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 17, 137-152.

Taub, E., Uswatte, G., & Morris, D. (2003). Improved motor recovery after stroke and massive cortical reorganization following Constraint-Induced Movement therapy. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 14, S77-S91.

Morris, D. M., Taub, E., & Uswatte, G. (2003). Making gains: Constraint-Induced Movement therapy can improve motor function in people with TBI. Advance for Directors of Rehabilitation, 12, 51-54.

Taub, E. and Uswatte, G. (2003). Constraint-Induced Movement therapy: Bridging from the primate laboratory to the stroke rehabilitation laboratory. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, Supplement 41, 34-40.

Taub, E., & Uswatte, G. (2003). The case for CI therapy.[Letter to the Editor]. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 40, xiii-xvi.

Whitehead, W.E., Bassotti, G., Palsson, 0., Taub, E., Cook, E.C. III, Drossman, D.A. (2003). Factor analysis of bowel symptoms in US and Italian populations. Digestive & Liver Disease, 35, 774—783.

Sanger, T.D., Delgado, M.R., Gaebler-Spira, D., Hallett, M., Mink, J.W., et al. (2003). Classification and definition of disorders causing hypertonia in childhood. Pediatrics, 111, 89-97.

Uswatte, G., & Taub, E. (2004). Participant-centered and objective measures of real-world arm function in persons with stroke [Abstract] Circulation, 109, e231-e284.

Lum, P., Taub, E., Schwandt, D., Postman, M., Hardin, P., & Uswatte, G. (2004). Automated Constraint-Induced therapy extension (AutoCITE) for movement deficits after stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 41, 249-258.

Taub, E. (2004). Harnessing brain plasticity through behavioral techniques to produce new treatments in neurorehabilitation. American Psychologist, 59(8), 692-704.

Mark, V., & Taub, E. (2004). Constraint-Induced Movement therapy for chronic stroke hemiparesis and other disabilities. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 22, 317-336.

Dettmers, C., Teske, U., Hamzei, F., Uswatte, G., Taub, E., & Weiller, C. (2005). Distributed form of Constraint-Induced Movement therapy improves functional outcome and quality of life after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86, 204-209.

Uswatte, G., & Taub, E. (2005). Implications of the learned nonuse formulation for measuring rehabilitation outcomes: The need to evaluate motor ability and actual use in the life situation separately. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50, 34-42.

Taub, E., Lum, P. S., Hardin, P., Mark, V., & Uswatte, G. (2005). AutoCITE: Automated delivery of CI therapy with reduced effort by therapists. Stroke, 36, 1301-1304

Uswatte, G., Taub, E., Morris, D. M., Vignolo, M., & McCullough, K. (2005).  Reliability and validity of the upper-extremity Motor Activity Log-14 for measuring real-world arm use. Stroke; 36, 2496-2499.

Wolf, S., Thompson, P., Morris, D., Rose, D., Winstein, C., Taub, E., & Giuliani, C. (2005). The EXCITE Trial: Baseline attributes of the Wolf Motor Function Test in patients with sub-acute stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 19, 194-205.

Taub, E., & Uswatte, G. (2005). Use of CI therapy for improving motor ability after chronic CNS damage: A development prefigured by Paul Bach-y-Rita.  Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 4, 465-477.

Shaw, S. E., Morris, D. M., Uswatte, G., McKay, S., Abernathy, S., Meythaler, J. M., & Taub, E. (2005). Constraint-Induced Movement therapy for recovery of upper extremity function following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 42, 769-778.

Ro, T., Noser, E., Boake, C., Wallace, R., Gaber, M., Speroni, A., Bernstein, M., DeJoya, A., Burgin, W., Zhang, L., Taub, E., Grotta, J., & Levin, H. (2006) Functional reorganization and reorganization and recovery after constraint induced movement therapy in subacute stroke: case reports. Neurocase, 12, 1-11.

Taub, E. & Uswatte, G. Co-Editors, issue of NeuroRehabilitation devoted to CI therapy.

 

Morris, D. M., Shaw, S. E., Mark, V., Uswatte, G., Barman, J., & Taub, E. (in press). The influence of neuropsychological characteristics on the use of CI therapy with persons with traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation.

 

Uswatte, G., Taub, E., Morris, D. M., Barman, J., & Crago, J. (in press). Contribution of the shaping and restraint components of Constraint-Induced Movement therapy to treatment outcome. NeuroRehabilitation.

 

Taub, E., & Uswatte, G. (in press). Constraint-Induced Movement therapy: Answers and questions after two decades of research.  NeuroRehabilitation.

 

Mennemeyer, S. T., Taub, E., Uswatte, G., & Pearson, S. (in press). Employment in households with stroke after Constraint-Induced Movement therapy. NeuroRehabilitation.

 

Bowman, M.H., Taub, E., Uswatte, G., Delgado, A., Bryson, C., Morris, D.M., McKay, S., & Mark, V.,(in press) A Treatment for a Chronic Stroke Patient with a Plegic hand Combining CI Therapy with Conventional Rehabilitation Procedures: Case Report. NeuroRehabilitation.

 

Lum, P.S., Uswatte, G., Taub, E., Hardin, P., & Mark, V. (in press). A tele-rehabilitation approach to delivery of Constraint-Induced Movement therapy.  Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development

Wolf, S. L., Winstein, C., Miller, J. P., Taub, E., Uswatte, G., Morris, D., Giuliani, C., Light, K., & Nichols-Larsen, D. (2006). Improving upper extremity function among patients 3-9 months post-stroke: the EXCITE national randomized clinical trial.  Manuscript submitted for publication.

Mennemeyer, S. T., Uswatte, G., & Taub, E. Paying for post-stroke rehabilitation with Constraint-Induced Movement therapy: Some problems and opportunities. Manuscript submitted for publication.

 

Taub, E., Morris, D., Delgado, A., Pearson, S., & Uswatte, G. Manual for CI therapy.  In preparation. 

Uswatte, G., Taub, E., Pearson, S., Light, K., & Thompson, P. Validity of the Actual Amount of Use Test: Evidence from a multisite, national clinical trial of CI therapy for persons with subacute stroke. Manuscript in preparation.

 

Pediatric CI Therapy

 

Taub, E., Ramey, S. L., DeLuca, S., & Echols, K. (2004). Efficacy of Constraint-Induced (CI) Movement therapy for children with cerebral palsy with asymmetric motor impairment. Pediatrics, 113, 2, 305-312.

 

DeLuca, S.C., Echols, K., Ramey, S.L., & Taub, E.  (2003) Pediatric Constraint-Induced Movement therapy for a young child with cerebral palsy: Two episodes of care.  Physical Therapy, 83 (11), 1003-1013.

 

CI Aphasia Therapy

 

Pulvermüller, F., Neininger, B., Elbert, T., Mohr, B., Rockstroh, B., Koebbel, P., Taub, E. (2001). Constraint-Induced Therapy of chronic aphasia after stroke. Stroke, 31, 1621-1626.

Taub, E. (2002). CI therapy: A new rehabilitation technique for aphasia and motor disability after neurological injury. Klinik und Forschung, 8, 48-49.

 

Meinzer, M., Elbert, T., Barthel, G., Djundja, D., Taub, E., and Rockstroh, B. Extending the Constraint-Induced Movement therapy (CIMT) approach to cognitive functions: Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy (CIAT) of chronic aphasia. Manuscript submitted for publication.

CI Therapy for Focal Hand Dystonia

 

Elbert, T., Candia, V., Altenmüller, E., Rau, H., Sterr, A., Rockstroh, B., Pantev, C., & Taub, E. (1998). Alteration of digital representations in somatosensory cortex in focal hand dystonia. NeuroReport, 9, 3571-3575.

 

Candia, V., Elbert, T., Altenmüller, E., Rau, H., Schäfer, T., & Taub, E. (1999). A Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for focal hand dystonia in musicians. The Lancet, 353, 42.

 

Candia, V., Elbert, T., Altenmüller, E., Rau, H., Schäfer, T., Rockstroh, B., & Taub, E. (2002) Sensory motor retuning: A behavioral treatment for focal hand dystonia of pianists and guitarists. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 1374-1377.

 

A Principle of CI Therapy for Treatment of Phantom Limb

Pain

 

Weiss, T., Miltner, W.H.R., Adler, T., Brückner, L., & Taub, E. (1999). Decrease in phantom limb pain associated with prosthesis-induced increased use of an amputation stump. Neuroscience Letters, 272, 131-134.

 

CI Therapy: Effects on Brain Organization and Function

 

Liepert, J., Bauder, H., Miltner, W.H.R., Taub, E., & Weiller, C.(2000). Treatment-induced massive cortical reorganization after stroke in humans. Stroke, 31.

 

Liepert, J., Bauder, H., Sommer, M., Miltner, W.H.R., Dettmers, C., Taub, E., Weiller, C. (1998). Motor cortex plasticity during Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in chronic stroke patients. Neuroscience Letters, 250, 5-8.

 

Kopp, B., Kunkel, A., Mühlnickel, W., Villringer, K., Taub, E., & Flor, H. (1999). Plasticity in the motor system correlated with therapy-induced improvement of movement in human stroke patients. NeuroReport, 10, 807-810.

 

Bauder, H., Sommer, M., Taub, E. & Miltner, W.H.R. (1999). Effect of CI Therapy on movement-related brain potentials. Psychophysiological, 36, Supplement. 1, S31. (Abstract)

Braun, C., Schweizer, R., Elbert, T., Birbaumer, N., & Taub, E. (2000). Differential reorganization in somatosensory cortex for different discrimination tasks. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 446-450.

 

Boake, C., Noser, E.A., Ro, T., Baraniuk, S., Gaber, M., Johnson, R., Salmeron, E.T., Tran, T.M., Lai, J.M., Taub, E., Moye, L.A., Grotta, J.C., and Levin, H.S. “Effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy in early stroke rehabilitation.” Manuscript submitted for publication

 

Accelerometry, Additional Real World Outcome Measures and Other Measurement Issues

 

Uswatte, G., Miltner, W.H.R., Varma, M., Foo, B., Moran, S., Sharma, V., & Taub, E. (2000) Objective measurement of a real-world rehabilitation outcome using accelerometer recordings transformed with a threshold filter. Stroke, 31, 662-667.

 

Uswatte, G., & Taub, E., (1999). Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy: New approaches to outcome measurement in rehabilitation. In D.T. Stuss, G. Winocur, & I.H. Robertson (Eds.), Cognitive neurorehabilitation: A comprehensive approach. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 214-229.

 

Keil, A., Elbert, T., & Taub, E. (1999). Relation of accelerometer and EMG recordings for measurement of upper extremity movement. Journal of Psychophysiology, 13, 77-82.

 

Kopp, B., Kunkel, A., Flor, H., Platz, T., Rose, U., Mauritz, K.H., Gresser, K., McCulloch. K.L., & Taub, E. (1997). The Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT): Reliability, validity and sensitivity to change. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78, 615-620.

 

Morris, D., Crago, J., Uswatte, G., Wolf, S., Cook, E.W. III, & Taub, E. (2001). The reliability of the Wolf Motor Function Test for assessing upper extremity function following stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82, 750-755.

 

Uswatte, G. & Taub, E. (2005). Implications of the learned nonuse formulation for measuring rehabilitation outcomes: The need to evaluate motor ability and actual use in the life situation separately. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50, 34-42.

 

Uswatte, G., Taub, E., Morris, D. M., Vignolo, M., & McCullough, K. (2005). Reliability and validity of the upper-extremity Motor Activity Log-14 for measuring real-world arm use. Stroke, 36, 2496-2499

 

Uswatte, G., Foo, W. L., Olmstead, H., Lopez, K., Holand, A., & Simms, M. L. (2005). Ambulatory monitoring of arm movement using accelerometry: an objective measure of upper-extremity rehabilitation in persons with chronic stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86, 1498-1501

 

Uswatte, G., Taub, E., Morris, D., Light, K., & Thompson, P. (2005). Validity of the Motor Activity Log-28 for measuring real-world arm use: evidence from a multisite trial of CI therapy for persons with subacute stroke. Manuscript submitted for publication.

 

Papers on Cortical Reorganization Leading up to the Work of the Effect of CI Therapy on Brain Reorganization and Function

 

Pons, T. P., Garraghty, P. E., Ommaya, A. K., Kaas, J. H., Taub, E. & Mishkin, M. (1991). Massive cortical reorganization after sensory deafferentation in adult macaques. Science, 252, 1857-1860.

 

Rausell, E., Cusick, C.G., Taub, E., & Jones, E. G. (1992). Chronic deafferentation in monkeys differentially affects nociceptive and nonnociceptive pathways distinguished by specific calcium-binding proteins and down-regulates gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors at thalamic levels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 89, 2571-2575.

 

Elbert, T., Flor, H., Birbaumer, N., Knecht, S., Larbig, W., & Taub, E. (1994). Extensive reorganization of the somatosensory cortex in adult humans after nervous system injury. NeuroReport, 18, 2593-2597.

 

Flor, H., Elbert, T., Knecht, S., Wienbruch, C., Pantev, C., Birbaumer, N., Larbig, W., & Taub, E. (1995). Phantom limb pain as a perceptual correlate of massive cortical reorganization in upper limb amputees. Nature, 375, 482-484.

 

Elbert, T., Pantev, C., Rockstroh, B., Wienbruch, C., & Taub, E. (1995). Increased cortical representation of the fingers of the left hand in string players. Science, 270, 305-307.

 

Taub, E., Flor, H. Knecht, S., & Elbert, T. (1995). Correlation between phantom limb pain and cortical reorganization. Journal of NIH Research, 7, 49-50. (Afterwords)

 

Knecht, S., Henningsen, T., Elbert, T., Flor, H., Höling, C., Pantev, C., Birbaumer, N., & Taub, E. (1995). Cortical reorganization in human amputees and mislocalization of painful stimuli to the phantom limb. Neuroscience Letters, 201, 262-264.

 

Knecht, S., Henningsen, H., Elbert, T., Flor, H., Hoeling, C., Pantev., C., & Taub, E., (1996). Reorganizational and perceptual changes after amputation. Brain, 119, 1213-1219.

 

Elbert, T., Sterr, A., Rockstroh, B., Charbonnier, D., Flor, H., Pantev, C., Wienbruch, C., Knecht, S., & Taub, E. (1996). Cortical reorganization in arm amputees: Alterations of the somatosensory representation of the intact arm. Proceedings of Biomag ’96, 9, 83-86.

 

Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., Montoya, P., Larbig, W., Unerte, K., Grodd, W., Flor, H., & Taub, E. (1997). Effects of regional anesthesia on phantom limb pain are mirrored in changes in cortical reorganization. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 5503-5508.

 

Montoya, P., Larbig, W., Grülke, N., Flor, H., Taub, E., & Birbaumer, N. (1997). The relationship of phantom limb pain to other phantom limb phenomena in upper extremity amputees. Pain, 72, 87-93.

 

Sterr, A., Müller, M. M., Elbert, T., Rockstroh, B., Pantev, C. & Taub, E., (1998). Changed perceptions in Braille readers. Nature, 391, 134-135.

 

Elbert, E., Sterr, A., Flor, H., Rockstroh, B., Knecht, S., Pantev, C., & Taub, E. (1997). Input-increase and input-decrease types of cortical reorganization after upper extremity amputation in humans. Experimental Brain Research, 117, 161-164.

 

Sterr, A., Müller, M., Elbert, T., & Taub, E. (1998). Perceptual correlates of use-dependent changes in cortical representation of the fingers in blind Braille readers. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 4417-4423.

 

Knecht, S., Henningsen, H., Höhling, C., Elbert, T., Flor, H., Pantev, C., & Taub, E. (1998). Plasticity of plasticity? Perceptual correlates of reorganization are stable in extent but not in pattern. Brain, 119, 1213-1219.

 

Flor, H., Elbert, T., Mühlnickel, W., Pantev, C., Wienbruch, C., & Taub, E. (1998). Cortical reorganization and phantom phenomena in congenital and traumatic, upper extremity amputees. Experimental Brain Research, 119, 205-212.

 

Sterr, A., Müller, M., Elbert, T., Roackstroh, B., & Taub, E. (1998). Development of cortical reorganization in the somatosensory cortex of adult braille students. Excerpta Medica ICS, 1162, 1-8.

 

Weiss, T., Miltner, W.H.R., Huonker, R., Friedel, R., Schmidt, I., & Taub, E. (2000). Rapid functional plasticity of the somatosensory cortex after finger amputation. Experimental Brain Research, 134 (2), 199-203.

 

Braun, C., Schweizer, R., Elbert, T., Birbaumer, N., & Taub, E. (2000). Differential reorganization in somatosensory cortex for different discrimination tasks. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 446-450.

 

Flor, H., Mühlnickel, W., Karl, A., Denke, C., Grüsser, S., & Taub, E. (2000). A neural substrate for nonpainful phantom limb phenomena NeuroReport, 11, 1407-11.

 

Woods, T. M., Cusick, C. G., Pons, T. P., Taub, E., & Jones, E. G. (2000). Progressive transneuronal changes in the brainstem and the thalamus following long-term dorsal rhizotomies in adult macaque monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 3884-3899.

 

Elbert, T., Sterr., A., Rockstroh, B., Pantev, C., Müller, M. M., & Taub, E. (2002). Expansion of the tonotopic area in the auditory cortex of the blind. Journal of Neuroscience, 22 (22), 9941–9944

Weiss, T., Miltner, W., Liepert, J., Meissner, W., & Taub, E. (2004). Rapid functional plasticity in the primary somatomotor cortex and perceptual changes after nerve block. European Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 3413-3423.

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