The ultrasound is a valuable tool used during the infertility evaluation and for monitoring the growth of ovarian follicles. The vaginal probe ultrasound allows the physician to visualize the ovaries, follicles, endometrium and other internal structures. The size and number of follicles is measured, and medications are adjusted accordingly (also depending upon other factors such as estrogen levels).
The endometrium must become more vascular and thicken during the ovulatory cycle. The vaginal probe ultrasound is used to measure endometrial thickness, which is a function of its development. Other conditions such as congenital uterine malformations are also visible via ultrasound. Ultrasound is also used to document pregnancy by visualizing the developing fetus.